PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.